Why Early Life Picked Scarce Molybdenum 3.5B Years Ago
A new study reveals that 3.7-3.1 billion years ago, in metal-poor oceans, early microbes relied on scarce molybdenum for essential enzymes in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles, sourced from hydrothermal vents. Challenging prior tungsten-first theories, it shows both metals were used early on. Betül Kaçar's research implies flexible biochemical strategies, reshaping astrobiology's search for alien life beyond Earth-like conditions.