8 Unexpected Asthma Triggers

Asthma is a chronic condition that inflames the airways and can make breathing difficult. Avoiding both common triggers (dust mites and pollen) and unexpected ones (stress, fragrances, and insect bites) may help reduce attacks and better manage symptoms.

1. Thirdhand Smoke

Smoking can trigger an asthma attack. However, a lesser-known trigger is thirdhand smoke, the air pollution that remains after a cigarette has been put out. The chemicals can remain in the air and on furniture, carpeting, car seats, and clothing.

People who breathe in thirdhand smoke are exposed to over 250 chemicals. This is especially dangerous for people with asthma. It is likely unsafe for a person with asthma to visit the home of someone who smokes.

To protect yourself, never allow anyone to smoke in your home or car, and avoid places where people will be smoking. This includes e-cigarettes and vaping.

2. Weather Changes

Extreme weather or sudden temperature changes could trigger symptoms. In winter, cold, dry air can irritate the lungs, leading to inflammation.

In the summer, very hot temperatures can trigger asthma symptoms. Breathing in hot, humid air can narrow the airways. In addition, hot air traps pollution and allergens, increasing the likelihood of exposure. When spending time in very hot or cold weather, take frequent breaks indoors.

3. Emotional Stress

You may have experienced chest tightness or shortness of breath during times of high stress or anxiety. People with asthma may experience an increase in symptoms when under stress.

Consider practicing stress management techniques, such as mindfulness, deep breathing, or meditation. Talk with your healthcare provider if your stress levels feel unmanageable. Meeting with a therapist or support group may help. Practice stress management techniques regularly.

4. Insect Bites and Stings

A sting or bite could quickly trigger asthma symptoms. People who are allergic to insects should use caution around:

• Honey bees
• Wasps
• Hornets
• Yellow jackets
• Fire ants

Talk with your healthcare provider about keeping an Epi-Pen (epinephrine) with you when spending time outdoors.

In addition to bites and stings, any contact with cockroaches could trigger an asthma attack. Their droppings, body parts, and saliva contain proteins that can trigger an allergic reaction and lead to asthma symptoms. To reduce your risk of cockroach exposure, never leave food out overnight. Clean dishes right away, and seal any cracks or openings in your cabinets. (EPA on roaches)

5. Nitrogen Dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas present in appliances that burn fuel, including gas, kerosene, or wood. Being exposed to nitrogen dioxide can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.

It can also cause shortness of breath. Even breathing in a low level of nitrogen dioxide can trigger an attack in people with asthma. It causes bronchial reactivity, which can increase the risk of respiratory infections.

When using a wood fireplace, make sure the wood is dry, split, and covered for at least six months. Consider replacing a wood-burning stove with a heating appliance certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

6. Certain Chemicals

Some chemicals found in household products can irritate the airways in people with asthma. Use caution when working with certain products; inhaling them could cause asthma symptoms. These include:

• Cleaners
• Paints
• Cosmetics
• Pesticides
• Adhesives
• Air fresheners

Try keeping your windows open or using an exhaust fan when using household cleaners. Always follow the instructions on the bottle and wear a mask if needed.

7. Strong Fragrances

Strong fragrances from perfume, soap, or cleaning products can trigger an asthma attack. The chemicals in strong fragrances can irritate the airways and cause inflammation.

Opt for unscented products in your home, including laundry detergent, personal hygiene products, and cleaning solutions. If your child has asthma, consider asking any caregivers to avoid wearing perfume or cologne around them.

8. Pets

Exposure to dogs, cats, or rodents can trigger an asthma attack in people with an allergy to animal dander. Pet animals have certain proteins in their skin, hair, urine, stool, and saliva that can cause the airways to become inflamed.

If you are allergic to animals, avoid having any in your home, even for a short visit. If you have a pet, do not let it enter the room where you sleep. Consider investing in a (high-efficiency particulate air HEPA) filter to reduce your exposure, and vacuum the carpets and furniture frequently.

How to Lower Your Risk from Everyday Triggers

While it may not be possible to avoid every asthma trigger, there are steps that you can take to lower your exposure and reduce your risk of an attack, which include:

• Request that guests never smoke in your home or car.
• Take breaks indoors when spending time in hot or cold weather.
• Practice stress management techniques regularly.
• Stay hydrated throughout the day.
• Consider carrying an EpiPen if you have allergies to animals or insects.
• Install a HEPA filter in your home.
• Buy unscented products for your home.